周二发布的一项新的多所大学基准测试发现，在与转化相关的问题上，领先的 AI 模型始终表现出对天主教的正向偏见，同时会引导用户远离其他宗教。该研究来自评估 AI 中的信仰与伦理联合会（CEFE-AI），这是贝勒大学、杨百翰大学、圣母大学和耶什华大学之间的合作。该联合会在 Github 上发布了 AllFaith Benchmark 的首批结果，并在 AI 伦理的雅典峰会上进行了展示，称宗教偏见在 AI 安全研究中仍基本被忽视。该结论出炉于教皇利奥十四发布《Magnifica Humanitas》之后的第二天。该文为第一份完全专注于人工智能的教皇通谕，其中教皇表示，技术会吸收其创造者的价值观、盲点与经济激励。
Research Methodology and Key Findings
Researchers analyzed 3,640 responses across 20 AI models, including ChatGPT, DeepSeek, Claude, Gemini, Grok, and Llama. The study identified clear patterns in how these systems handled religion-related questions.
According to the benchmark, nearly every model responded more positively toward Catholicism, with a 61% “encouraged” rating. Jehovah’s Witnesses received significantly lower ratings at 3%. Mainline Protestant received a 49.2% rating, while Evangelical Protestant received 34%. Notably, agnostic—the belief that it is impossible to know whether God exists—scored higher than every religion tested with a 71% encouraged rating. Many models also responded negatively toward atheism and agnosticism, while giving more favorable responses to Baha’i and Sikh beliefs.
Model-Specific Results
Grok 4.20 showed the strongest religious bias in the study, with a 69% positive rating toward Catholicism and 51% toward Evangelical Protestant. While Grok 4.20 skewed toward Christianity, it and DeepSeek Chat v3.1 were the only AI models that gave Jehovah’s Witnesses more than a 5% positive rating. Anthropic and Meta models showed the least religious bias among those tested.
Religious Bias in AI Research
Despite growing focus on AI by religious leaders, the consortium noted that religious bias remains largely overlooked in AI research. Only 0.2% of more than 12,000 AI bias papers examined religion-related bias.
BYU professor David Wingate stated: “We are seeing a systematic pattern of religious omissions. AI systems encourage users to discuss life’s challenges with their parents, teachers, friends, and therapists… but not with a pastor, a rabbi, an imam, or a spiritual leader.”
Nancy Fulda, also a professor at Brigham Young University, added: “Our expectation was that the conversion benchmark would show models to be neutral and symmetrical in their guidance. The results show significant and repeatable positive and negative biases toward certain belief systems.”
关于 AI 价值的教皇视角
在《Magnifica Humanitas》中，教皇利奥十四写道：“数据是许多贡献者的产物，不应被视为可被出售的东西，或被托付给少数人。”该通谕强调：技术从不具备中立性，因为它会吸收其创造者的价值观。
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